{"id":4402,"date":"2020-04-02T12:00:11","date_gmt":"2020-04-02T11:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/?p=4402"},"modified":"2021-06-21T12:52:08","modified_gmt":"2021-06-21T11:52:08","slug":"taxes-and-resources","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/taxes-and-resources\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4402\" class=\"elementor elementor-4402\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d10de6 elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d10de6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3decbe0\" data-id=\"3decbe0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ef27af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ef27af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee17731 elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee17731\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb3a589\" data-id=\"fb3a589\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15032c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15032c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u061f<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d23b8fc\" data-id=\"d23b8fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd76981 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fd76981\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7653\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-830x553.jpg 830w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-230x153.jpg 230w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-013795d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"013795d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/\">Power Sharing for a United Syria<\/a> is a project run by the <a href=\"https:\/\/ezks.org\/\">European Centre for Kurdish Studies<\/a>. In Power Sharing for a United Syria, we work on three main pillars Capacity building and dialogue workshops, Policy advice, and Transparency.\u00a0<br \/>In Power Sharing for a United Syria, we regularly organize workshops on constitutional law and the writing of a constitution with members of the Syrian opposition and Syrian civil society. On one hand, Our Advisory Board supports in particular members of the Small Group of the Constitutional Committee to anchor minority rights as an important part of human rights in the constitution. We want to build bridges between the different members of the opposition and representatives of civil society. Moreover, we want to support them in developing mutual positions regarding power-sharing, minority rights and women\u2019s rights. On the other hand, in order to increase the transparency of the Syrian Constitutional Committee (SCC) and its work, we publish, among other things, video clips covering various topics related to the constitutional process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d4419 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d4419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-23d4419{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4315f0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4315f0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-278e920 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"278e920\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Themenpapiere_05_Steuern_und_Ressourcen_AR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-eye\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0639\u0631\u0636<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4cf254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c4cf254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709e6f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"709e6f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"13296\" class=\"elementor elementor-13296\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1896e994 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1896e994\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63a677ff\" data-id=\"63a677ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e9f2e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46e9f2e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064c\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33915ca0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-post-carousel\" data-id=\"33915ca0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-post-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"swiper-container-wrap eael-logo-carousel-wrap eael-post-grid-container eael-post-carousel-wrap eael-post-carousel-style-default swiper-container-wrap-dots-outside\" id=\"eael-post-grid-33915ca0\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-container eael-post-carousel eael-post-grid swiper-container-33915ca0 eael-post-appender-33915ca0\" data-pagination=\".swiper-pagination-33915ca0\" data-arrow-next=\".swiper-button-next-33915ca0\" data-arrow-prev=\".swiper-button-prev-33915ca0\" data-items=\"4\" data-margin=\"10\" data-effect=\"slide\" data-speed=\"400\" data-autoplay=\"2000\" data-pause-on-hover=\"true\" data-loop=\"1\" data-grab-cursor=\"1\" data-arrows=\"1\" data-dots=\"1\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/systems-of-government\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/aditya-joshi-FOhw4A1CR1Q-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"political system power\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/systems-of-government\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/systems-of-government\/\" title=\"\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/systems-of-government\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/composition-of-parliament\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/aditya-joshi-FOhw4A1CR1Q-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"political system power\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/composition-of-parliament\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/composition-of-parliament\/\" title=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/composition-of-parliament\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/supreme-courts-and-judicial-independence\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bill-oxford-OXGhu60NwxU-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/supreme-courts-and-judicial-independence\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/supreme-courts-and-judicial-independence\/\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/supreme-courts-and-judicial-independence\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/division-of-powers-in-federal-states\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/aditya-joshi-FOhw4A1CR1Q-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"political system power\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/division-of-powers-in-federal-states\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/division-of-powers-in-federal-states\/\" title=\"\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\">\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/division-of-powers-in-federal-states\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/taxes-and-resources\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/markus-spiske-3Tf1J8q9bBA-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/taxes-and-resources\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/taxes-and-resources\/\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/taxes-and-resources\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/criteria-for-creating-regions\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/geography-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"geography scaled\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/criteria-for-creating-regions\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/criteria-for-creating-regions\/\" title=\"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/criteria-for-creating-regions\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/transition-process\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hello-i-m-nik-MAgPyHRO0AA-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/transition-process\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/transition-process\/\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/transition-process\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/human-rights\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bill-oxford-OXGhu60NwxU-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/human-rights\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/human-rights\/\" title=\"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\">\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/human-rights\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/concepts-of-democracy\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/aditya-joshi-FOhw4A1CR1Q-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"political system power\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/concepts-of-democracy\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/concepts-of-democracy\/\" title=\"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\">\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/concepts-of-democracy\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\">\n    <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media eael-entry-medianone\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/rule-of-law\/\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bill-oxford-OXGhu60NwxU-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/rule-of-law\/\"><\/a>\n                <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a class=\"eael-grid-post-link\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/rule-of-law\/\" title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/h2><\/header><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><div class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/rule-of-law\/\" class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div>                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n                        <!-- Add Pagination -->\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-33915ca0\"><\/div>\n                                <!-- Add Arrows -->\n            <div class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-33915ca0\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\"><\/i>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-33915ca0\">\n                <i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following paper discusses the distribution of taxes and resources in multi-level systems of government (fiscal federalism), with a special focus on the relationship between various levels of government in the context of fiscal decentralisation. The paper centres on the following key questions: How does fiscal federalism work? Which models are available for distributing taxes? [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[282],"tags":[2438,2426,2468,2439,2472,2378,2471,2470,2473,2474,2437,2382],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Taxes and Resources &bull; Power Sharing for a United Syria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The question of which model should be used for the collection and distribution of taxes depends on whether natural resources are used and ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/power-sharing-syria.ezks.org\/ar\/taxes-and-resources\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Taxes and Resources &bull; 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