Steuern und Ressourcen
الإيرادات المحلية
To strengthen the local governing authorities, it is important to give the municipalities control over spheres of authority which they can organise and in which they can take independent decisions.…
نموذج للائحة تنظيمية للأحزاب
نموذج للائحة تنظيمية للأحزاب
Within a democratically organised political party, local branches play a major role. They enable the formation of party policy from the bottom up. They manage their internal affairs based on…
نموذج للائحة تنظيمية للنوادي الرياضية
نموذج للائحة تنظيمية للنوادي الرياضية
When a group founds a new association, it is prudent to lay down certain rules and principles for the association’s structure in writing. The procedures laid down in these written…
الدولة والدين
الدولة والدين
The relationship between the state and religion(s) is a significant factor in shaping a society. In some countries, religion plays an important role and forms part of the state doctrine,…
مشاركة الشباب
مشاركة الشباب
In many states in the Middle East and beyond, young people are unable to influence politics and societal decision-making processes to the extent that they would like. At the same…
التشميل والتضمين
التشميل والتضمين
Some groups within society face more challenges than others in actively participating in political life. This applies above all to people who are excluded from many areas of social life…
نظام الحصص المحددة أو الكوّتا
نظام الحصص المحددة أو الكوّتا
How can it be ensured that members of disadvantaged groups, such as women and young people, are equally able to actively participate in local democracy? Quotas for seats in political…
مشاركة المواطنين في النظام القانوني
مشاركة المواطنين في النظام القانوني
Some democratic states give individuals the opportunity to engage in the legal system as volunteers. The involvement of people who are not legal professionals in court proceedings is intended to…
العمل التطوعي
العمل التطوعي
Voluntary work is an important part of municipal life. Many political offices at municipal level are filled by volunteers, as are numerous roles in municipal institutions such as the voluntary…
الانتخابات
الانتخابات
Elections are an indispensable part of any democracy. The citizens of any democratic state must have the ability to re-elect their representatives every few years. The procedure used for these…
