As the British philosopher David Hume argued, constitutions must be devised for knaves. He believed that political actors will always try to manipulate the constitution in their own interest. Therefore,…
A parliament may have a variety of different names. In some states, they are called assemblies, in others, they are known as chambers, councils or congresses. Parliaments often exist even…
How much power should a president have and how can limits be placed on this power? How should the relationship between the president and the parliament be governed? Different government…
To strengthen the local governing authorities, it is important to give the municipalities control over spheres of authority which they can organise and in which they can take independent decisions.…
Within a democratically organised political party, local branches play a major role. They enable the formation of party policy from the bottom up. They manage their internal affairs based on…
When a group founds a new association, it is prudent to lay down certain rules and principles for the association’s structure in writing. The procedures laid down in these written…
The relationship between the state and religion(s) is a significant factor in shaping a society. In some countries, religion plays an important role and forms part of the state doctrine,…
In many states in the Middle East and beyond, young people are unable to influence politics and societal decision-making processes to the extent that they would like. At the same…
Some groups within society face more challenges than others in actively participating in political life. This applies above all to people who are excluded from many areas of social life…
How can it be ensured that members of disadvantaged groups, such as women and young people, are equally able to actively participate in local democracy? Quotas for seats in political…
